Cervical premalignant lesions refer to cellular changes in the cervix that have the potential to develop into cancer. These lesions are often referred to as CIN (Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia) and are an important issue for women's health. Experienced oncologic gynecologists such as Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sema Karakaş play an important role in the early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these lesions.

What is CIN?

Cervical premalignant lesions are often associated with HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection. HPV is a sexually transmitted virus and certain types can cause abnormal growth of cervical cells. CIN is graded depending on the degree of changes on the surface of the cells: CIN1 (mild dysplasia), CIN2 (moderate dysplasia) and CIN3 (severe dysplasia).

Symptoms of Cervical Premalignant Lesions (CIN)

CIN is usually asymptomatic and is often detected during a routine gynecological examination or cervical smear test. However, some symptoms may appear in advanced stages:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially after sexual intercourse.
• Pelvic pain
• Bleeding between menstrual periods.

Diagnosis and Evaluation

CIN is usually diagnosed with a cervical smear test or HPV screening. In case of abnormal results, a biopsy can be performed and the severity of the lesion can be determined.

Treatment Approaches

Treatment for CIN varies depending on the severity of the lesion, the patient's age, pregnancy status and other factors. Treatment options may include:

1. Observation and Monitoring: In mild cases of CIN, doctors can monitor the patient regularly. In this case, there is a possibility that the lesion will heal on its own.

2. Laser Surgery: Laser surgery is often used to treat CIN. The laser destroys abnormal cells and preserves healthy tissue.

3. Loop Electrosurgical Erosion (LEEP): LEEP is another commonly used method of treating CIN. In this procedure, part of the abnormal tissue is removed with an electric current.

4. Conization (Cone Biopsy): In severe cases, such as CIN3, surgical removal of part of the cervix may be necessary.

Preventive Approaches

The following steps can be taken to prevent cervical premalignant lesions:

1. HPV Vaccine: The HPV vaccine can reduce the risk of cervical cancer and CIN. The vaccine is usually given during adolescence.

2. Regular Gynecological Examinations and Smear Tests: Women should have regular gynecological examinations and smear tests.

3. Smoking Cessation: Smoking can increase the risk of cervical cancer. Women who smoke can reduce their risk by quitting smoking.

Cervical premalignant lesions (CIN) can often be successfully managed with early diagnosis and treatment. Experienced physicians such as Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sema Karakaş guide their patients on the best treatment and preventive methods. Regular gynecological check-ups are very important for a healthy life.